Day 2 :
- Mesenchyme Stem Cells| Regenerative Medicine | Stem Cell Therapy| Stem Cell Technologies
Session Introduction
Robert J. Hariri
Celularity Inc, USA
Title: Decellularized human placenta for tissue and tissue and organ regeneration
Biography:
The Founder and CEO of Celularity, Inc., Dr. Hariri is a surgeon, biomedical scientist and highly successful serial entrepreneur in two technology sectors: biomedicine and aerospace. The former Chairman, Founder, and Chief Executive Officer of Celgene Cellular Therapeutics, one of the world’s largest human cellular therapeutics companies, Dr. Hariri has pioneered the use of stem cells to treat a range of life threatening diseases and has made transformative contributions in the field of tissue engineering. He co-founded Human Longevity, Inc, the world’s largest gene sequencing operation with genomics legend, J. Craig Venter and Xprize founder Peter Diamandis and serves as Vice Chairman. Dr. Hariri has over 150 issued and pending patents, has authored over 100 published chapters, articles and abstracts and is most recognized for his discovery of pluripotent stem cells from the placenta and as a member of the team which discovered TNF (tumor necrosis factor). Dr. Hariri was recipient of the Thomas Alva Edison Award in 2007 and 2011, The Fred J. Epstein Lifetime Achievement Award and has received numerous other honors for his many contributions to biomedicine and aviation
Abstract:
Recellularization of organ derived decellularized native and functional vasculatures with stem cells or tissue specific cells have been regarded as a viable approach to engineer organ to overcome donor shortage in organ transplantations. Human placenta is a large viable organ with abundant vasculatures and variety of hematopoietic stem cells and non-hemapotietic stem cells. To take advantage of this easily obtainable resource, we explore the feasibility of using human placenta’s vasculature as a suitable source for tissue and organoid engineering. We developed a proprietary method of sequential detergent based perfusion process to decellularize an entire human placenta as well as single placenta cotyledons. We demonstrated that the decellularized placenta or single cotyledon maintain efficient circulation and are able to conduct fluid and distribute cells, indicating that the vasculature system remained intact and functional after decellularization. The decellularized human placental vasculature scaffold (DHPVS) were shown to support in vitro proliferation and function of cells derived from multiple tissues including human placental adherent cells (PDAC®), primary hepatocytes, thyroid tissue epithelial cells, insulin producing cells and endothelial cells for 3 weeks. PDAC® grown on DHPVS demonstrated enhanced adipogenic differentiation comparing with 2-D culture when exposed to adipogenic induction culture medium. Furthermore, PDAC® transduced with Luciferase grown on DHPVS were shown to maintain viability for 4 weeks after subcutaneously implanted in mice. These in vitro and in vivo data provide evidences that decellularized human placenta vasculature can support cell growth and differentiation and can be used as a scaffold platform for tissue and organ engineering
Lucie Bacakova
Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
Title: Adult stem cells in bone and vascular tissue engineering – a review
Biography:
Lucie Bacakova, MD, PhD, Assoc. Prof. has graduated from the Faculty of General Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechoslovakia in 1984. She has completed her Ph.D at the age of 32 years from the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, and became Associated Professor at the 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University. Since 2005, she is the Head of the Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences. She is a specialist for studies on the interaction of differentiated and stem cells with various biomaterials, and for vascular, bone and skin tissue engineering. She has published more than 160 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
Adult stem cells, i.e. stem cells derived from various tissues of the adult organism, are promising for cell therapy and tissue engineering. These cells overcome the ethical and legal issues associated with the use of human embryonic and fetal stem cells, and also enable the use of autologous stem cells for the implantation into patients. Human bone marrow mesenchyme stem cells (bmMSCs) have been widely used and even applied in numerous clinical trials, e.g. for treatment of critical limb ischemia during diabetes [1], lower limb long bone nonunion [2] or neurological diseases [3]. Recently, another promising source of mesenchyme stem cells emerged, namely adipose tissue. In comparison with the bmMSCs, the adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) are available in larger quantities and by less invasive approaches, such as liposuction. Although ASCs were discovered relatively recently, in 2002 [4], they have been relatively widely clinically applied in human patients, particularly for reconstructive, corrective, aesthetic and cosmetic purposes [4, 5]. In our studies, we attempted to differentiate human ASCs, isolated from lipoaspirates obtained by liposuction, towards osteoblasts (Ob) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). For differentiation towards Ob, the ASCs were seeded on chitosan/glucan/hydroxyapatite and cultivated in an osteogenic medium supplemented with ascorbic acid, β-glycerophosphate and dexamethasone. In comparison with commercially available human bmMSCs, the ASCs produced similar amounts of type I collagen and Runx2, i.e. early markers of osteogenic differentiation, but lower levels of osteocalcin, a late marker of osteogenic differentiation [6]. For differentiation towards VSMCs, the ASCs were cultivated in a medium supplemented with transforming growth factor-ß1 and bone morphogenic protein-4. This medium induced the appearance of alpha-actin, calponin and myosin heavy chain, i.e. an early, intermediate and late marker of VSMC differentiation, respectively, in ASCs, and the amount and intensity of fluorescence of these markers were further enhanced by cultivation in a lab-made pressure-generating dynamic cell culture system. Thus, ASCs appears to be more suitable for vasular tissue engineering than for bone tissue engineering.
Mohammad Hasan Sheikhha
Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Title: Mitochondrial DNA deletions and telomere shortening during multiple passages of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), periapical follicle stem cells and human foreskin fibroblast cell line
Biography:
Mohammad Hasan Sheikhha has completed his PhD in 2002 from Manchester University, UK. He is the president of International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Scienecs, Yazd, Iran. He is workind as professor of medical genetics and has published more than 100 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of International Journal of Reproductive Biomedicine
Abstract:
Limited resources for adult stem cells necessitate there in vitro culture prior to clinical use. Investigating mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and telomere shortening has proved to be important indications of stem cell validity. This study was designed to investigate these indicators in multiple passages of three adult stem cell lines which were produced in our stem cell laboratory.In this study, Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs), Periapical Follicle Stem Cells (PAFSCs) and Human Foreskin Fibroblast (HFF) cell lines were expanded for 20 passages. After 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 passages, expanded cells were harvested and DNA was extracted for further studies. Common mtDNA mutation was detected by multiplex PCR and telomere shortening was tested by Southern blot analysis. The common deletion was not detected in any of the stem cells or cell lines after several passages. In addition, Southern blot analysis indicated that the mean difference of telomere length between first and last passage was 0.25 kb in DPSC, 0.1 kb in PAFSC and 0.32 kb in HFF which indicates that the mean telomere length in various passages of the samples showed insignificant changes.Absence of mtDNA mutations in adult stem cell lines indicates good mitochondrial function even after 20 passages. In addition, absence of telomere shortening indicates stem cells validity after multiple passages. It is hoped this information could pave the way for using in vitro expansion of adult stem cells for future clinical applications.
Sameh K Sadek
University of Alexandria, Egypt
Title: Platelet glycoprotein iib/iiia polymorphism and its role in recurrent early pregnancy loss
Biography:
Sameh k sadek is Associates Professor in university of Alexandria and hé is member of Clinical pathology Department, Faculty of Médicine, and Alexandria University. He completed his PHD on infertility pregnancy and he is Assistant Professor in Gynaecology department in Alexandria. He has done nearly 25 publications and went to many summits as guest speaker.
Abstract:
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is one of the Most frustrating and difficult areas in reproductive medicine because the etiologic is often unknown and there are few evidence-based diagnostic and treatment strategies. RPL is defined as two or more failed clinical pregnancies as documented by ultrasonography or histopathology examination.(2) Approximately 15 percent of pregnant women experience sporadic loss of a clinically recognized pregnancy. Just 2 percent of pregnant women experience two consecutive pregnancy losses and only 0.4 to 1 percent have three consecutive pregnancy losses. Couples who have had a pregnancy loss have two major concerns: the cause and the risk of recurrence. Unfortunately, the cause of RPL can be determined in only 50 percent of patients. General etiological categories of RPL include anatomic, immunological, genetic, endocrine, thrombophilia, and environmental factors. Thrombophilia is an abnormality of blood coagulation that increases the risk of thrombosis.(5,6) A significant proportion of the population has a detectable abnormality in blood, but most of these only develop thrombosis in the presence of an additional risk factor. The human glycoprotein (GP)IIb/IIIa is one of the best characterized receptors present on the surface of platelets.(7) GPIIb/IIIa belongs to the large family of adhesion molecules called integrins, which share a common heterodimeric structure. The primary function of GPIIb/IIIa is to aid platelet aggregation.(8) Nearly 20 years ago, Savage et al. demonstrated that the GPIIb/IIIa on the membrane of nonactivated platelets serves as a specific receptor for surfacebound fibrinogen(9) but, after platelet activation(10) this receptor acquires the ability to interact with other adhesive proteins, such as vitronectin, fibronectin and von Willebrand factor